(1) The end-face friction pair (rotating and stationary rings) remains tightly fitted to form a sealing face that prevents medium leakage. The rotating and stationary rings are required to have good wear resistance. The rotating ring can move axially to automatically compensate for sealing-face wear, ensuring good contact with the stationary ring. The stationary ring has a floating function and provides cushioning.

(2) Elastic components (springs, corrugated plates, serpentine sleeves, etc.) mainly provide compensation, preload, and cushioning. They also generate an appropriate contact pressure on the sealing end faces. These components must maintain elasticity at all times to overcome the friction of auxiliary seals and transmission components and enable the compensating action of the rotating ring during startup.

(3) Auxiliary seals (O-rings, V-rings, wedge rings, and other specially shaped sealing rings) mainly seal the stationary and rotating rings, while also providing floating and cushioning functions. The auxiliary sealing element of the stationary ring must ensure sealing between the stationary ring and the gland, while allowing the stationary ring to float to a certain extent. The auxiliary sealing element of the rotating ring must ensure sealing between the rotating ring and the shaft or shaft sleeve. The material must have heat and cold resistance compatible with the medium.

(4) Transmission components (drive pins, drive rings, drive seats, drive sleeves, drive keys, drive lugs, or tooth-type couplings) transmit the shaft torque to the rotating ring. The material must be corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant.

(5) Fastening components (set screws, spring seats, glands, assembly sleeves, and shaft sleeves) position and secure the stationary and rotating rings. Correct positioning is required to ensure that the sealing faces of the friction pair are in the correct position and that the spring contact pressure maintains good contact. These components should also be easy to disassemble and assemble, easy to position, and reusable. At the interfaces with the auxiliary seals, attention should be paid to the chamfering and compression of the sealing rings during installation. In particular, the fit between the rotating-ring sealing ring and the shaft sleeve must be corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant; where necessary, a hard-face overlay should be used.